The discussion includes use of biomarkers to diagnose smokinginduced cvd and treatment implications of the pathophysiology of the disease. Ocr unified biology 2017 unofficial markscheme the. Disease may have a single cause for example, malaria or be multifactorial, such as heart disease. A cold spring harbor perspectives in medicine collection subject areas. They considered the risk for cancer, cardiovascular disease, and heart disease. Buy letts alevel revision success alevel biology year 1 and as in a week by letts alevel isbn. It is taught in contemporary topics which are designed to motivate students. It destroys the cilia inhibiting the cleaning of the airways and mucus containing dirt, bacteria and viruses builds up blocking the smallest bronchioles. There are three major types of degenerative disease. Fatty deposits can either block an artery directly, or increase its chance of being blocked by a blood clot thrombosis the blood supply can be blocked completely and cells can be permanently damaged. Cardiovascular diseases how tobacco smoke causes disease.
Another effect is that platelets become stickier which, can lead to an increased risk of blood clots forming. Epidemiology is the study of the occurrence, distribution, and control of diseases in populations. This is caused by a buildup of fatty material in artery walls, which reduces the flow of blood and therefore oxygen to the tissues. Cardiovascular diseases the health consequences of. Smoking and health smoking cigarettes sets into motion a chain reaction of changes that set the stage for infection, degenerative diseases, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. The effects of exercise on the blood pressure and heart rate of smokers and nonsmokers planning the experiment aim. His funeral takes place at 4pm, on tuesday 27th july, at golders green crematorium. It is as a result of atherosclerosis narrowing the coronary arteries, restricting the blood flow, forcing the heart to work harder to force the blood through, raising the blood pressure. It is the disease process that leads to coronary heart disease and strokes. Roughly 1 out of 5 deaths from heart disease is directly related to smoking.
Ischemic heart disease occurs if plaque builds up in the arteries that supply blood to the heart, called coronary arteries. Smoke contains thousands of chemicals, but it is nicotine that causes the powerful addiction that compels a person to continually deliver the other harmful chemicals to. Cardiovascular diseases the health consequences of smoking. In the developed world, valvular heart disease is most commonly caused by degeneration secondary to old age, but may also be caused by infection of the.
The link between smoking and heart disease explained. Most recently he spoke at marxism 2004 and tens of thousands of more people will have heard him speak or read his books over the past years. The coronary arteries supply blood to the heart muscle. Arterial diameter is reduced, so less blood flows to the tissues, meaning they receive less oxygen and glucose. Structure of the heart alevel biology revision notes. Biology a level summer work 2019 long road sixth form college. The human respiratory system is adapted to allow air to pass in and out of the body, and for efficient gas exchange to happen. Mar 18, 2020 its time for a quiz on the most important organ in the human body. Tachycardia elevated resting heart rate 120 bpm and bradycardia depressed resting heart rate heart beats that are so common in young people that it is not technically considered a disease. People who smoke are two to four times more likely to get heart disease. Coronary heart disease chd is also a cardiovascular disease and is disease of the two coronary arteries the ones that supply the muscles of the heart. The heart is a muscular organ in most animals, which pumps blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system.
Banners and flags will be very welcome on the procession to the crematorium, which leaves at 3. Coronary heart disease remains a major killer across the world in 2008, and is most prevalent in russia, and least prevalent in japan counting only the developed world. Edexcel cb5c cardiovascular disease teaching resources. The biology of heart disease cold spring harbor laboratory press.
Cb5c lesson from the new edexcel science gcse looking at cardiovascular disease. Home a level and ib biology heart and heart diseases heart and heart diseases its all of that chapter about heart and you can find notes and diagrams on cardiac cycle, thrombosis, aneuresm, myocardial infaction etc. The discussion includes use of biomarkers to diagnose smoking induced cvd and treatment implications of the pathophysiology of the disease. Smoking can cause lung disease, heart disease and certain cancers. Ocr 21st century biology b7 gcse unoficial mark scheme. Letts alevel revision success alevel biology year 1 and as in. Unlock the full alevel biology course at created by adam tildesley. Disease is a disorder or malfunction of the mind or body, which destroys good health. If a coronary artery is blocked, the blood supply to part of the heart muscle is cut off. Heart disease includes several types of heart conditions. Both smoke that the smoker inhales through the filter and. Ocr unified biology 2017 unofficial markscheme the student room. Tachycardia elevated resting heart rate 120 bpm and bradycardia depressed resting heart rate heart disease may cause breathlessness, blackouts, or chest pain, but may be asymptomatic and only detected on a routine examination by hearing abnormal heart sounds or a heart murmur. Chemicals in tobacco damage the lining of the blood vessels and affect the level of fat in the bloodstream.
The structures and functions of some carbohydrates and. The lesson includes what cardiovascular disease it, examples of cardiovascular disease, how to calculate bmi, hit to waist ratio, the effect of smoking on cardiovascular disease and how to treat cardiovascular disease. Data generated via electrocardiography can be used to identify a variety of heart conditions, including. Smoking and health biology encyclopedia cells, body. Mountain xpress, march 17 2010 by mountain xpress issuu. Atherosclerosis continues to be the most significant pathology giving rise to cardiovascular disease worldwide. Angina chest pains caused by an inadequate supply of blood and therefore o 2 to the heart muscle. Diseases of the skeletal, muscular and nervous systems. Take the following biological quiz, and well find out together. Heart and heart diseases document in a level and ib biology. The effects of exercise on the blood pressure and heart rate. I am going to investigate how aerobic exercise affects the heart rate between smokers and nonsmokers. The risk is even greater for women who smoke and also take birth control pills.
Heart disease and strokethe main types of cardiovascular disease caused by smokingare the first and third leading causes of death in the united states, respectively american heart association aha 2002. This is a disease of the coronary arteries, which branch from the aorta to supply the heart muscle. Biology as level and a level the a level biology course will follow the edexcel specification, salters nuffield advanced biology snab pathway. Over time, heart disease can lead to chest pain, heart attack, heart failure, arrhythmias, or even death. Our hearts are what keep our bodies moving and grooving throughout our daily lives, pumping blood to all of our vital organs and keeping them functioning. Nowadays coronary heart disease chd, also known as coronary arteries disease, is one of major killer diseases in many countries. Every cigarette you smoke makes you more likely to get heart disease. Find the relevant section of the textbook use the index, online materials and class notes. The causes of coronary heart disease biology essay introduction. Blood provides the body with oxygen and nutrients, as well as assisting in the removal of metabolic wastes. They have thin walls which receive blood from veins. Cigarette smoke is composed of over 4000 different chemicals, many of which are toxic. Alevel biologyhuman health and diseasesmoking and disease. This makes it difficult for the heart to receive the extra nutrients and oxygen it requires during exercise.
Tar stimulates goblet cells and mucus glands to enlarge, producing more mucus. If atherosclerosis of these vessels occurs, then the heart has to work harder and blood pressure rises. The most common type in the united states is coronary heart disease also known as coronary artery disease, which is narrowing of the blood vessels that carry blood to the heart. Cardiovascular disease and blood clotting alevel biology ocr. Chemistry and toxicology of cigarette smoke and biomarkers of. It is often the underlying cause that leads to heart disease. Exercise and smoking both affect the lungs and circulatory system. Diseases lung disease after heart disease and strokes, this is the most common cause of illness and death in the uk. Unit 1 biology and disease the heart practice exam questions. Heart disease and stroke are cardiovascular heart and blood vessel diseases cvds.
These may become blocked by a buildup of fatty plaques containing cholesterol, resulting in coronary heart disease. Smoking and your heart national heart, lung, and blood. More than 61 million people in the united states suffer from some form of cardiovascular disease cvd, including high blood pressure, coronary. Buy aiming for an a in alevel biology by jo ormisher isbn.
This is the build up of fatty material in the walls of arteries. In humans, the heart is located between the lungs, in the middle compartment of the chest in humans, other mammals, and birds, the heart is divided into four. Angina, heart attack and heart failure and are all clinical forms of coronary heart disease. The heart and heart disease for access to healthscience. Scool revision summary scool, the revision website. Of the mouth, nose, throat, larynx, oesophagus, pancreas, bladder, cervix, blood leukaemia, and kidney are all more common in smokers. Alevel biologyhuman health and diseaseintroduction. Circulatory systems use mass flow to meet the requirements for. Coronary heart disease is a major cause of death in the uk and much of the rest of the world.
More than 61 million people in the united states suffer from some form of cardiovascular disease cvd, including high blood pressure, coronary heart disease chd. Observational study finds vegans and vegetarians at higher risk of strokes what does being healthy mean to you. Cardiovascular disease and blood clotting in a snap. This pathway is a new innovative approach to biology. Chronic bronchitis tar stimulates goblet cells and mucus glands to enlarge, producing more mucus. Its time for a quiz on the most important organ in the human body. Home learning activity starter activity and worksheets.
Free uk delivery on book orders dispatched by amazon over. Aqa gcse biology paper 1 84611f and 1h 15 may 2018 exam discussion. Heart has to work harder to force blood through narrowed vessels blood pressure increases. Coronary heart disease new gcse teaching resources. After heart disease and strokes, this is the most common cause of illness and death in the uk chronic bronchitis. Biology as level and a level the a level biology course will follow the edexcel specification, salters nuffield advanced biology. An atheroma is a build up of cholesterol, fibres, dead muscle cells and platelets and is more likely to develop upon damage to the artery wall by high blood pressure, carbon monoxide or nicotine blood clots thrombosis become more likely and if one. Associated with old age, the blood vessel walls, particularly of the arteries, become less elastic. Coronary heart disease death rates differ also within countries, and between socioeconomic stratas in the uk, poor people, certain ethnic groups and men are more at risk.
Arteries supplying the heart become narrowed and the blood supply to cardiac tissues is reduced. The heart is a hollow muscular organ that lies in the middle of the chest cavity. It is enclosed in the pericardium, which protects the heart and facilitates its pumping action. Effects of smoking respiratory system gcse biology. Heart disease revision notes in a level and ib biology. Aqa gce biology as award 1411 unit 1 the heart unit 1 biology and disease the heart practice exam questions. Jul 04, 2016 coronary heart disease previously artificial or real based on the aqa specification this lesson covers. American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology. New gcse 2016 coronary heart disease previously artificial or real based on the aqa specification this lesson covers. Risk factors associated with chd are diet, blood cholesterol, cigarette smoking and high blood pressure. See all biology resources see all health, illness and disease resources related discussions on the student room.
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